In a consultation, our surgeon may indicate that a “lymphadenectomy” will be performed during surgery. What does this refer to?
Lymph nodes are part of the immune system and act as biological filters that detect abnormal cells. Lymphadenectomy means the removal of lymph nodes from a body region or organ. During cancer surgery, it is performed to determine if the tumor has spread to the nodes; therefore, it is a routine part of cancer surgery to establish staging and plan oncological treatment accurately.
For the preparation of this article, we have had the valuable collaboration and technical review of Dr. Delia Cortés Guiral, Director of IVOQA, whose experience and leadership in the field of advanced oncological surgery are fundamental to providing rigorous and compassionate information to our patients.
What is the function of lymph nodes and why are they removed?
Lymph nodes filter lymph fluid and detect tumor cells. Removal surgery is primarily indicated for two reasons:
- Staging: It allows doctors to determine if malignant cells have spread beyond the primary tumor and reached the nodes.
- Spread Control: The removal of affected nodes contributes to limiting the progression of the cancer.
These structures act as “checkpoints,” providing essential information about the tumor’s behavior and guiding therapeutic decisions.
The Sentinel Node Technique
The sentinel node is the first lymph node to receive direct drainage from the tumor. During the procedure, a radioactive tracer, dye, or fluorescence is used for its precise localization.
If the histological analysis of the sentinel node is negative, it is not necessary to remove additional nodes from the region. This reduces the aggressiveness of the surgery and lowers the risk of postoperative complications. This technique represents a significant advancement in conservative oncological surgery.
Consequences of Lymphadenectomy
The removal of lymph nodes can alter the flow of lymph and cause lymphedema, which manifests as swelling in the corresponding limb. The implementation of the sentinel node technique considerably minimizes this risk.
Early rehabilitation, through specialized physiotherapy and targeted exercises, is fundamental to preventing complications and maintaining the functionality of the affected limb.
Oncological Surgery at IVOQA
At IVOQA, the localization of lymph nodes is carried out using fluorescence-guided surgery equipment, Nuclear Medicine, and high-precision surgical techniques. The goal is to effectively remove affected tissue while maximizing the preservation of the patient’s quality of life and ensuring a safe, controlled oncological approach.
Lymph node surgery, especially through the sentinel node technique, combines oncological efficacy with functional preservation. This strategy allows for a more precise and less invasive treatment, reducing complications and optimizing the patient’s quality of life.
This information is for guidance purposes only and does not replace the evaluation of a specialist. Always consult your medical team before making treatment decisions.
